What’s the origin of "pumpernickel"?

Dear Straight Dope: Over the years I’ve heard two origins for the word ‘pumpernickel.’ Both seem reasonable enough, so it’s hard to tell which might be the real one. One claims that it was Napoleon proclaiming the bread was only fit for his horse, Nicol. Or, in French, bon pour nicol. The other etymology states that it comes from two old German words for ‘to fart’ and ‘demon.’ I must admit I first heard the Napoleon theory on the tonight show when Roger Moore told it to Johnny Carson. I have heard it told by others since, but I fear they may be quoting the ersatz Bond. What’s the Straight Dope? P. LaMarche, Auburn, Maine

Ken replies:

You know, even in Maine they must have dictionaries. This from Webster’s:

Main Entry: pum •per •nick •el Pronunciation: ‘p&m-p&r-ni-k&l Function: noun Etymology: German, from pumpern to break wind + Nickel goblin; from its reputed indigestibility Date: 1756 : a dark coarse sourdough bread made of unbolted rye flour

So even though Roger Moore said it, it’s not true. The first citation is well before Napoleon’s time (1769-1821), and also just before Webster’s time (1758-1843). It’s entirely possible that Webster (a New Englander, like yourself) was dining on this indigestible delicacy as he compiled the first dictionary, though the likelihood of Webster actually asking His Highness the Emperor Napoleon about this folk etymology is remote.

All that having been said, the entry above doesn’t convey matters as vividly as it might. Here’s what snopes has to say:

The true origin of pumpernickel is nearly as strange, if somewhat less savory. Pumpern was a New High German word similar in meaning to the English fart (so chosen because, like the word achoo, it imitated the sound it described), and Nickel was a form of the name Nicholas, an appellation commonly associated with a goblin or devil (e.g., Old Nick is a familiar name for Satan). Hence, pumpernickel is the devil’s fart, allegedly a reference to the bread’s indigestible qualities and hence the effect it produced on those who consumed it. (www.snopes2.com/language/stor ies/pumper.htm)

On the one hand you have to admire the Germans for their honesty. On the other hand you think, people eat this stuff?

Ken

Send questions to Cecil via cecil@straightdope.com.

STAFF REPORTS ARE WRITTEN BY THE STRAIGHT DOPE SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD, CECIL’S ONLINE AUXILIARY. THOUGH THE SDSAB DOES ITS BEST, THESE COLUMNS ARE EDITED BY ED ZOTTI, NOT CECIL, SO ACCURACYWISE YOU’D BETTER KEEP YOUR FINGERS CROSSED.

What’s the origin of "pumpernickel"?

A STAFF REPORT FROM THE STRAIGHT DOPE SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD